| 1. |
- Johansson, Daniella, 1983, et al.
(författare)
-
Assessment of strategies for CO2 abatement in the European petroleum refining industry
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0360-5442. ; 42:1, s. 375-386
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Petroleum oil refineries account for almost 8% of the total CO2 emissions from industry in the European Union (EU). In this paper, the European petroleum refining industry is investigated and the prospects for future CO2 abatement in relation to associated infrastructure are assessed. A more efficient use of the adjacent infrastructure, e.g., district heating networks, natural gas grids, neighbouring industries, and CO2 transport and storage systems, could provide opportunities for additional CO2 emissions reduction. It is shown that access to infrastructures that can facilitate CO2 abatement varies significantly across countries and between individual refineries. The assessment shows that short-term mitigation options, i.e., fuel substitution and energy efficiency measures, could reduce CO2 emissions by 9-40 MtCO2/year (6-26% of the total refinery emissions). It is further shown that carbon capture and storage offers the greatest potential for more significant emission reductions in the longer term. However, the potential for CO2 capture varies significantly depending on the choice of technology, CO2 source, and scope of implementation (5-80% of the total refinery emissions).
|
|
| 2. |
- Johnsson, Filip, 1960, et al.
(författare)
-
The framing of a sustainable development goals assessment in decarbonizing the construction industry – Avoiding “Greenwashing”
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-0690 .- 1364-0321. ; 131
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this paper is to contribute to the establishment of a robust framework for the assessment of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in businesses, using the construction industry as an example and with the primary focus on combating climate change (SDG 13). We provide a critical analysis of a selection of relatively widely used SDG impact assessment tools, combined with a case study from the construction industry to explore how a meaningful SDG assessment can be framed with linkages between SDG 13 and other related SDGs. Our analysis points towards the importance of framing SDG assessments in a way that discourages “Greenwashing”. Any SDG assessment that relates to climate targets in line with the Paris Agreement should identify the processes and activities that can be expected to be particularly challenging in terms of their abatement. In our road construction work case, we identify four such hard-to-abate activities: 1) introducing biomass for renewable transportation fuels for use in construction equipment and heavy transport; 2) electrification of transport and industrial processes; 3) substitution as part of transitioning from fossil fuel use; and 4) applying carbon capture and storage technologies in the production of basic materials, such as cement and steel. The approach applied will avoid that businesses only focus on SDGs in situations where they are already performing well or can apply low-cost measures or that they only relate to the part of the supply chain that pertains to their own business (Scope 1 emissions). For an SDG assessment to provide basis for informed decisions regarding real change towards more sustainable and equitable corporate practices it should: (i) identify and include concrete measures to align with the terms of the Paris Agreement; (ii) include relevant value chains; and (iii) consider both the short-term and long-term effects of strategic choices.
|
|
| 3. |
- Johnsson, Filip, 1960, et al.
(författare)
-
The threat to climate change mitigation posed by the abundance of fossil fuels
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Climate Policy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1752-7457 .- 1469-3062. ; 19:2, s. 258-274
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ABSTRACT This article analyses the trends in primary demand for fossil fuels and renewables, comparing regions with large and small domestic fossil fuel reserves. We focus on countries that hold 80% of global fossil fuel reserves and compare them with key countries that have meagre fossil fuel reserves. We show that those countries with large domestic fossil fuel reserves have experienced a large increase in primary energy demand from fossil fuels, but only a moderate or no increase in primary energy from renewables, and in particular from non-hydro renewable energy sources (NHRES), which are assumed to represent the cornerstone of the future transformation of the global energy system. This implies a tremendous threat to climate change mitigation, with only two principal mitigation options for fossil-fuelrich economies if there is to be compliance with the temperature goals of the Paris Agreement: (1) leave the fossil fuels in the ground; and (2) apply carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies. Combinations of these two options to exploit their respective possibilities synergistically will require strong initiatives and incentives to transform a certain amount of the domestic fossil fuel reserves (including the associated infrastructure) into stranded assets and to create an extensive CCS infrastructure. Our conclusion is that immediate and disruptive changes to the use of fossil fuels and investments in non-carbon-emitting technologies are required if global warming is to be limited to well below 2°C. Collective actions along value chains in business to divert from fossil fuels may be a feasible strategy. Key policy insights . The main obstacle to compliance with any reasonable warming target is the abundance of fossil fuels, which has maintained and increased momentum towards new fossil-fuelled processes. . So far, there has been no increase in the share of NHRES in total global primary energy demand, with a clear decline in the NHRES share in India and China. . There is an immediate need for the global community to develop fossil fuel strategies and policies. . Policies must account for the global trade flow of products that typically occurs from the newly industrialized fossil fuel-rich countries to the developed countries.
|
|
| 4. |
- Karlsson, Ida, 1980, et al.
(författare)
-
Achieving net-zero carbon emissions in construction supply chains - A multidimensional analysis of residential building systems
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Developments in the Built Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 2666-1659. ; 8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The construction sector accounts for approximately 25% of global CO2 emissions. In this paper, we provide a multidimensional assessment of the potential for greenhouse gas emissions abatement in relation to the construction of multi-family residential buildings. Different building designs are compared, whereby the study analyzes the potential reductions in greenhouse gas emissions when combining abatement measures with a perspective of the technologies and practices available now, and those that are likely to become available on a timescale up to Year 2045. Further, the assessment analyzes the potential for emissions reductions when applying abatement measures at different points in the supply chain, from primary material production via material composition to the final building structure. The results indicate that the greenhouse gas emissions can be reduced by up to 40% with currently available technologies and practices, with even greater potential reductions of 80% to Year 2030 and 93% to Year 2045.
|
|
| 5. |
- Karlsson, Ida, 1980, et al.
(författare)
-
Roadmap for climate transition of the building and construction industry – a supply chain analysis including primary production of steel and cement
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Eceee Industrial Summer Study Proceedings. - 2001-7987 .- 2001-7979. ; 2020-September, s. 67-77
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sweden has, in line with the Paris agreement, committed to reducing greenhouse gas emissions to net-zero by 2045. Emissions arising from manufacturing, transporting and processing of construction materials to buildings and infrastructure account for approximately one fifth of Sweden’s annual CO2 emissions. This work provides a roadmap with an analysis of different pathways of technological developments in the supply chains of the buildings and construction industry, including primary production of steel and cement. By matching short-term and long-term goals with specific technology solutions, these pathways make it possible to identify key decision points and potential synergies, competing goals and lock-in effects. The analysis combines quantitative analysis methods, including scenarios and stylized models, with participatory processes involving relevant stakeholders in the assessment process. The roadmap outline material and energy flows associated with different technical and strategical choices and explores interlink-ages and interactions across sectors. The results show that it is possible to reduce CO2 emissions associated with construction of buildings and transport infrastructure by 50 % to 2030 and reach close to zero emissions by 2045, while indicating that strategic choices with respect to process technologies, energy carriers and the availability of biofuels, CCS and zero CO2 electricity may have different implications on energy use and CO2 emissions over time. The results also illustrate the importance of intensifying efforts to identify and manage both soft (organisation, knowledge sharing, competence) and hard (technology and costs) barriers and the importance of both acting now by implementing available measures (e.g. material efficiency and material/fuel substitution measures) and actively planning for long-term measures (low-CO2 steel or cement). Unlocking the full potential of the range of emission abatement measures will require not only technological innovation but also innovations in the policy arena and efforts to develop new ways of cooperating, coordinating and sharing information between actors.
|
|
| 6. |
- Karlsson, Ida, 1980, et al.
(författare)
-
Roadmap for Decarbonization of the Building and Construction Industry - A Supply Chain Analysis Including Primary Production of Steel and Cement
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Energies. - : MDPI AG. - 1996-1073 .- 1996-1073. ; 13:16
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sweden has committed to reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to net-zero by 2045. Around 20% of Sweden's annual CO(2)emissions arise from manufacturing, transporting, and processing of construction materials for construction and refurbishment of buildings and infrastructure. In this study, material and energy flows for building and transport infrastructure construction is outlined, together with a roadmap detailing how the flows change depending on different technical and strategical choices. By matching short-term and long-term goals with specific technology solutions, these pathways make it possible to identify key decision points and potential synergies, competing goals, and lock-in effects. The results show that it is possible to reduce CO(2)emissions associated with construction of buildings and transport infrastructure by 50% to 2030 applying already available measures, and reach close to zero emissions by 2045, while indicating that strategic choices with respect to process technologies and energy carriers may have different implications on energy use and CO(2)emissions over time. The results also illustrate the importance of intensifying efforts to identify and manage both soft and hard barriers and the importance of simultaneously acting now by implementing available measures (e.g., material efficiency and material/fuel substitution measures), while actively planning for long-term measures (low-CO(2)steel or cement).
|
|
| 7. |
- Kjärstad, Jan, 1956, et al.
(författare)
-
Establishing an integrated CCS transport infrastructure in northern Europe - Challenges and possibilities
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Energy Procedia. - : Elsevier BV. - 1876-6102. ; 4, s. 2417-2424
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper examines cost, challenges and possibilities for the development of an integrated CCS transport infrastructure for the power, cement, refinery and steel and iron sectors in six EU member states: Belgium, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Poland and Slovakia. Input for ramp-up of CCS within the power sector has been provided by Chalmers Electricity Investment model (ELIN) while ramp-up of CCS in the three industry sectors is based on general assumptions. For each country, three types of CCS infrastructure systems have been assessed; for the power sector only, integrated for the power sector and the three industry sectors and finally, for the three industry sectors only. Transport cost has been calculated to range between € 1.0 and € 4.1 per ton CO2 in the power sector and to between € 1.6 and € 15.9 per ton in the industry sector. The low cost systems indicate a favorable distribution of sources and sinks while high cost systems are a result of low volumes and offshore transport requirements. Transport cost in the integrated system ranged from € 1.2 to € 4.5 per ton implying that there seems to be little to gain for the power sector by integrating transport networks with the industry in the countries investigated, simply due to the location of sources and sinks and the fact that captured volumes from the industry sources are usually considerably smaller than captured volumes from power plants. The results reveal that the development of a CCS infrastructure to a large extent will depend on the phase-in of actual capture plants over time. The ownership concentration within the power sector in most of the countries investigated in this report may facilitate the build-up of a large centralized transport infrastructure.
|
|
| 8. |
- Kjärstad, Jan, 1956, et al.
(författare)
-
Transforming the energy system in Västra Götaland and Halland – linking short term actions to long term goals
- 2015
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study analyzes pathways to meet EU, national and regional targets for CO2 emissions, energy efficiency and penetration of renewable energy in the Swedish part of the Kattegat-Skagerrak region (KASK-SE), i.e. more specifically in the counties of Västra Götaland (VGR) and Halland. Special focus is placed on four areas: The potential for energy savings in the building sector, energy savings and fuel shifting in the energy intensive industry, large-scale deployment of renewables in the electricity generation sector and greenhouse gas emission reductions in the transport sector. The energy savings are through the implementation of different energy efficiency measures.
|
|
| 9. |
- Klement, Jonathan, 1994, et al.
(författare)
-
Supply Chain Driven Commercialisation of Bio Energy Carbon Capture and Storage
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Frontiers in Climate. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2624-9553. ; 3
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pulp mills, as large biogenic CO2 point sources, could adopt Bio Energy Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS) through retrofitting carbon capture. These existing carbon sources constitute a great potential to roll out BECCS on commercial scale. Yet, despite political targets for negative emission production in Sweden, no incentive schemes were thus far enacted. While previous proposals focus on governmental compensation, the aim of this work is to set BECCS into the supply chain of a wide array of consumer products and thereby find alternative or complementary, business-driven, ways to incentivise BECCS when applied to the pulp and paper industry. In this work, we assess a “value proposition” for low-carbon products in supply chains linked to the pulp and paper industry. By projecting the costs and negative emissions related to BECCS from the pulp mill to typical consumer products, as exemplified by three case study products, we show how BECCS can substantially reduce the carbon footprint of the consumer products, while only marginally increasing their cost. Additional price premiums could shorten the payback period of the initial investment in BECCS. The developed business case presents how actors along the supply chain for pulp and paper products can collectively contribute to securing financing and to mitigating investment risks. The results challenge the private sector, i.e., the companies along the pulp-and-paper supply chain to commit considerable investments also in the case without or with too weak direct political incentives. We conclude by discussing the governance implications on corporate and public level to enable the collaborative “bottom-up” adoption of BECCS.
|
|
| 10. |
- Rootzén, Johan, 1978, et al.
(författare)
-
A Strategy for Early Deployment of BECCS in Basic Industry - A Swedish Case Study
- 2018
-
Ingår i: International Conference on Negative CO2 Emissions Gothenburg, May 22-24 2018.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This work discusses the potential for deployment of BECCS in Swedish basic industry as part of the portfolio of technologies and policy measures required to meet near zero emission targets. Since existing policy measures are too weak to incentivize investments in CCS/BECCS at a scale that would be in parity with the emission reductions required, and, since measures that could stimulate reductions in biogenic carbon dioxide emissions are still absent, we also explore key steps required to lay the groundwork for CCS/BECCS deployment. This includes; e.g., RD&D funding, governmental risk sharing and state funding to 1st of the kind projects, support for niche markets (e.g. through public/private procurement), market making for zero- (and/or negative-) CO2 products, and adaptation of infrastructure policies.
|
|
